✸｜Count Down 2022 - Top 10 Human Rights News from TAHR｜✸
✸｜倒數2022，台權會 #十大人權新聞｜✸
Human Rights Day is celebrated every year on December 10 with the theme of "Dignity, Liberty, and Justice for All" this year. What human rights events happened in Taiwan in 2022? After Human Rights Day, we have compiled a list of the top 10 human rights news stories from the Taiwan Human Rights Association with quality assurance. Let’s check it out together.
每年的12月10日是世界人權日，而今年的主題是「尊嚴、自由、正義，人皆有之」。在台灣，2022這一年發生了哪些人權事件呢？在人權日後，我們整理出品質嚴選有保證的台權會十大人權新聞，一起來看看吧！
▍Fake Study Abroad for illegal working - Human Trafficking in Colleges and Universities
▍假留學真黑工，大專院校人口販運事件
In January this year, The Reporter uncovered that the Chung Chou University of Science and Technology was involved in human trafficking and recruited 16 Ugandan students with false advertisements in 2019, who were forced to work in sweatshops for two years after arriving in Taiwan to repay their tuition.
今年1月，報導者揭發中州科大參與人口販運，在2019年以不實廣告招收16名烏干達學生，他們來台後迫為償還留學費用，淪為血汗勞工長達兩年。
Chung Chou University of Science and Technology initially promised that the courses would be taught in English and that the university would offer scholarships and introduce them to relevant internship opportunities. Still, all the promises were broken after the students came to Taiwan. The students were in debt due to flight tickets, accommodation, and tuition fees. The university then arranged for them to work in labor-intensive factories with low pay and overtime that had nothing to do with their studies, making them cheap "black jobs" in factories.
中洲科大起初招生時承諾課程以英文授課，學校會給予獎學金，並媒合相關實習機會，不料學生來台後承諾竟全部跳票。機票、住宿費和學雜費讓學生持續負債，學校就安排他們到勞力密集的工廠工作，薪資低、工作超時且與所學完全無關，實為工廠的廉價「黑工」。
After the reveal of the incident, the Taiwan Changhua District Prosecutor Office launched an investigation and indicted 10 people, including school officials, agency operators, and Miaoli County government officials, on charges under the Human Trafficking Prevention Act and the Anti-Corruption Act in October. In fact, the incident is not a single case similar cases have appeared consistently. The government implemented Talent Cultivation and Exchange under the New Southbound Policy to attract international students. However, private schools and human resources agencies collude with human trafficking. We question when will the Ministry of Education and the Ministry of Labor decide to tackle the problem at its root by addressing the structural and institutional aspects.
事件曝光後，彰化地檢署展開調查，於今年10月以《人口販運防制法》和《貪污治罪條例》等多項罪名對校方人員、仲介業者、苗栗縣政府官員共10人提起公訴。其實此事絕非個案，近年假留學真黑工的案件一直層出不窮，政府開展「新南向人才培育計畫」吸引國際學生，卻讓私校、企業和人力仲介公司共謀人口販運，教育部和勞動部何時才決心從結構與制度面下手，從根本解決問題？
Further Reading 延伸閱讀
International students become slavery in sweatshops?! Taiwan High Education cannot become the hotbed for human trafficking
國際學生淪為血汗奴工？！ 台灣高教不能成為人口販運溫床 ：https://www.tahr.org.tw/news/3118
Official Prosecution of Chung Chou University of Science and Technology for Ugandan sweatshop student case - Ministry of Education and Ministry of Labor spare no responsibility for ending human trafficking in higher education
中州科大烏干達血汗學生案正式起訴｜如何終結高教人口販運，教育部勞動部責無旁貸：https://www.tahr.org.tw/news/3266
▍Under the Ukrainian War, Where can Ukarian in Taiwan go?
▍烏俄戰火下，在台烏克蘭人何去何從？
This year February twenty-fourth, Vladimir Putin mobilized to invade Ukrainian. So far, more than 40,000 people have died, 50,000 have been injured, and more than 13 million have been displaced. War crimes such as torture, the slaughter of citizens and attack on hospitals are consistently taking place. In winter this year, Ukrainians will be more challenged when facing mass-scale power cuts.
普丁今年2月24日動員俄軍侵略烏克蘭，截至目前為止已超過4萬人死亡、5萬人受傷和1千3百多萬人流離失所。酷刑、屠殺平民和攻擊醫院等戰爭犯罪不斷，今年寒冬烏克蘭更恐面臨大規模斷電，烏克蘭人民持續陷於水深火熱中。
For this, the TAHR immediately issued a statement to condemn the Russian military invasion and show support to the Ukrainian government and people. We also reminded citizens to be vigilant if the Chinese regime takes advantage of the chaos to invade Taiwan. TAHR urged the Taiwanese government to legislate the Refugee Act, which has earned support from over 166 groups and 3700 people. On March first, TAHR protested in front of the Representative Office in Taipei for the Moscow-Taipei Coordination Commission on Economic and Cultural Cooperation and deliver our statement to the officials along with many groups and the Ukrainian in Taiwan.
為此，本會立刻發起連署聲明，遣責俄羅斯武力侵略，支持烏克蘭政府與人民，呼籲民眾警惕中國政權是否趁亂侵略台灣，並呼籲台灣政府盡快立法通過難民法，得到超過166個團體及3700多位民眾支持。3月1日，本會偕同多個團體及在台烏克蘭人，到莫斯科駐台代表處抗議，並向代表處人員遞交聲明書。
For Ukrainians in Taiwan, the Ministry of the Interior said at the beginning of the year that they would be allowed to extend their visas upon application. However, this plan was suspended in early October. Where do can they go becomes a major problem. Furthermore, Furthermore, if their passports expire, they will not be able to extend their visas or apply for naturalization while not being able to move across the country either. How can the government deal with this problem? Unfortunately, there is no Refugee Act at the current stage, making the above issue unable to be tackled.
對於在台烏克蘭人，內政部年初雖表示他們的簽證到期後，只要申請就會允許延長，但此項計畫已於10月初中止，之後他們應何去何從？再者，若他們的護照過期，將無法延長簽證或申請歸化我國國籍，卻也無法跨國移動，這樣的狀況又該如何處理？遺憾的是，台灣現階段沒有《難民法》，上述狀況幾乎無法解決。
Further Reading 延伸閱讀
Ukrainians in Taiwan and Taiwanese citizens unite to condemn Russian war of aggression, reaffirming that anti-hegemony, anti-aggression, and defense of human rights are universal values - https://www.tahr.org.tw/news/3143
在台烏克蘭人與台灣公民齊聲譴責俄羅斯侵略戰爭 重申反霸權、反侵略、捍衛人權是普世價值 ：https://www.tahr.org.tw/news/3143
Ukrainians need an asylum system- The Taiwanese government should not delay or stall with political declarations. https://www.tahr.org.tw/news/3146
烏克蘭人需要的是庇護制度 台灣政府勿再拖延或以政治宣示搪塞：https://www.tahr.org.tw/news/3146
▍The Upgrade Suppression of 20th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party - Taiwanese groups have united in opposing Chinese Authoritarian
▍中國鎮壓二十大升級，台灣團結抗中反極權
The grand opening of the Beijing Winter Olympics on February 4 this year, amidst international opposition, kicked off a whole year of Chinese Communist Party actions to exert state power and violate human rights arbitrarily.
今年2月4日，北京冬奧在國際社會的反對聲浪中盛大開幕，為中共整年高舉國家公權力，恣意侵害人權的行動揭開序幕。
Politically, Xi Jinping was re-elected as President for the third time after the 20th National Congress. Under his high-pressure rule, China's human rights situation will continue to regress, and the security of the Cross-Strait will be threatened. As for the pandemic, Xi Jinping insists on "zero COVID", making localities more and more frantic in their efforts to reach the goal. People suffer as if "they can die in any way but because of COVID."
政治方面，習近平在二十大後第三次連任國家主席，在其高壓管治下，未來中國人權狀況恐持續倒退，台海安全亦備受威脅。疫情方面，習近平「堅持清零」，各地方為求達標手段越見瘋狂，民眾苦稱彷佛「除了確診死，怎樣死都可以」。
High pressure evokes rebellion. On October 13 Citizen Zai Zhou Peng put on a banner on Beijing Sitong Bridge, which states that "We don't want nucleic acid testing, we want food to eat; We don't want lockdowns, we want freedom; We don't want lies, we want dignity; We don't want Cultural Revolution, we want reform; We don't want [dictatorial] leaders, we want elections; We don't want to be slaves, we want to be citizens." This also set off the following protests. November 24, the blockade led to ten deaths in the Urumqi fire, provoking a "White Paper Revolution" against the lockdown and calls for democracy and freedom across the country.
高壓卻亦激起反抗，10月13日，公民彭載舟於北京四通橋上掛起「不要核酸要吃飯！不要封鎖要自由！不要謊言要尊嚴！ 不要文革要改革！不要領袖要選票！ 不做奴才做公民！」橫幅，掀起抗爭序幕。11月24日，封控導致烏魯木齊大火十死，激起全國各地反封控的「白紙革命」，並出現要求民主自由的聲音。
As part of civil society, TAHR has continued to act in solidarity with the oppressed, who the Chinese Communist Party has suppressed over the past year. Our action includes protesting the Beijing Winter Olympics, advocating the implementation of the aid mechanism for Hong Kong, participating in the Tibet march and the Candlelight Vigil for the June 4 Massacre, and expressing solidarity with human rights in East Turkestan, etc. On September 30, we held a press conference on the eve of the PRC's National Day, stressing that the TAHR would continue to protect human rights values, defend Taiwan's freedom, and call on all sectors to unite against China actively and resist without surrender.
作為公民社會一員，本會過去一年持續以行動聲援受中共打壓的受壓迫者，包括抗議北京冬奧、倡議落實援港機制、參與西藏遊行和六四晚會、聲援東突厥斯坦人權等。並在9月30日，中共政權國慶前夕召開記者會，強調本會將繼續守護人權價值，堅決捍衛台灣自由，呼籲各界積極團結抗中，全民抵抗不投降。
Further Reading 延伸閱讀
Joint Statement from sectors in Taiwan on Communist China's Human Rights Abuses and the Upcoming Beijing Winter Olympics. https://www.tahr.org.tw/news/3130
台灣各界對中共人權侵害及北京冬奧即將舉行的共同聲明 ：https://www.tahr.org.tw/news/3130
No surrender for Human Rights- Press conference for anti- Chinese Authoritarian
人權不投降 抗中反威權 記者會：https://www.tahr.org.tw/news/3252
▍Free speech is not a crime! Ming-chieh Lee's safe return
▍言論自由無罪！李明哲平安歸來
On April 15 of this year, Lee finally returned home after five years of being "forcibly disappeared". Lee was formerly involved in community education promotion at Wenshan Community College in Taipei and has been involved in several efforts to promote democracy and human rights in China. He was arrested by the Chinese authorities when he entered Macau on March 19, 2017. In November, he was sentenced to five years of imprisonment and two years of deprivation of political rights for "subversion of state power" and served his sentence in Chishan Prison in Hunan Province.
今年4月15日，李明哲被「強迫失蹤」五年後終於能回家。李明哲原於台北文山社區大學從事社區教育推廣，也參與諸多中國民主人權的推動工作。他在2017年3月19日入境澳門時，遭中國當局逮捕。同年11月他被以「顛覆國家政權」為由判刑5年及剝奪政治權利2年，於湖南赤山監獄服刑。
After his "forced disappearance", Lee was subjected to many unreasonable treatments in China, such as house arrest, covering the external windows causing loss of the concept of time, refusing the intervention of lawyers, not disclosing the client's information to the family, etc. The Chinese authorities have attempted to fabricate "espionage" charges. However, it was only through the efforts of his wife, Jeong-Yu Lee, and the "Taiwan NGOs alliance for rescuing Mr. Li," formed by the Taiwan Association for Human Rights and other groups, that he was able to secure a public trial. Lee was released as the case was brought to the international community's attention, which rallied to pressure the Chinese authorities.
李明哲被「強迫失蹤」後，曾受到中國諸多不合理的對待，像是軟禁，並遮蓋對外窗戶導致喪失時間概念，拒絕律師介入，不透露當事人訊息給家屬等。中國當局曾試圖羅織「間諜罪」罪名，但在其妻子李凈瑜與台灣人權促進會等團體組成的「李明哲救援大隊」奔走下，才為他爭取到公開審判的機會，讓國際社會關注此案件，並集結各界力量施壓中國當局，終讓他獲釋。
After his return, Lee thanked all sectors of the community for rescuing him and said, "Freedom is earned by oneself. Just like the Taiwanese people who have exchanged blood and tears for freedom, democracy and human rights under martial law. May the Chinese people know and learn from this, and bless the Chinese people.”
李明哲歸來後感謝各界營救，並表示「自由的獲得都是靠自己爭取的。就像台灣人民從戒嚴統治下，以血與淚換得自由、民主與人權一樣。願中國人民認知並學習，祝福中國人民。」
Further Reading 延伸閱讀
Injustice Imprisonmentof five years, Please let Ming-chieh Lee to be back
中國不正關押五年，讓明哲回台灣：https://www.tahr.org.tw/news/3154
The loss of five years of Ming-Chieh Lee
李明哲消失的五年？：https://www.tahr.org.tw/news/3167
▍The threat of eviction still exists, can the Liugongjunl case in Xindian keep the old house?
▍迫遷威脅仍在，新店瑠公圳案能否守住老宅？
Xindian Liugongjunl eviction case is located at the shore of Xindian Liugongjunl. The subject, the Lai Bijin family, was entrusted by the Rukong Farmland Water Conservancy Association to take care of the slope of the canal and lived there during the Japanese colonial period. Over the decades, the Bijin family has repeatedly expressed interest in acquiring land from the Irrigation Agency but has yet to be repeatedly rejected. The Irrigation Agency has publicly stated that the land along the canal will only be for rental, not for sale. In 2010, the agency even invited her grandmother, Mou-shi Chen, a senior citizen, to make a video to witness the rise and fall of Liugongjunl. Unexpectedly, the agency divided the land on which the old house was located into several small lots and sold them to a builder who had never lived there in the name of an unoccupied "vacant lot" without public tender and informing the Lai family of their legally protected right of first refusal the following year. The new landowners, who had acquired the land, then filed a lawsuit against Lai to relocate them and pay a large compensation.
新店瑠公圳迫遷案位在新店瑠公圳畔。當事人賴碧珍家族在日本時代受瑠公農田水利組合委託看顧水圳邊坡而住了下來。數十年來，碧珍家族曾數次向水利會表示有意願承購土地，卻屢遭拒絕。水利會曾公開表示圳邊土地不租也不賣，並在2010年邀請她的外婆陳罔市以世居耆老的身份，拍攝影片見證瑠公圳興衰。想不到隔年，水利會在未通知賴碧珍家族應受法律保障的優先承購權利，就將老宅座落的土地分割成數個小地號、以無人居住的「空地」的名義，用未公開標售的方式，賣給不曾在此居住過的建商。取得土地的新地主，隨即向賴碧珍提起訴訟，要他們搬遷並付出鉅額賠償。
The case is intertwined with multiple issues beyond the issue of property rights, including whether the land sale was illegal and invalid; the protection of long-term peaceful possession under civil law; the right to life guaranteed by the human rights treaties; the significance of the location of the old House in marking the terminus of the Wan-Xin Railway... etc. Currently, although the lawsuit filed by Sister Bijin to invalidate the land sale of the Irrigation Agency is being heard by the Taipei Supreme Administrative Court, Sister Bijin is still facing the takedown of the old House and eviction as the lawsuit filed by the builder in 2012 is still in the process of enforcement after the investigation was completed on April 27.
本案在產權問題外，交織多重課題：水利會當年賣地處分是否違法而無效；民法對長期和平占有的保障；人權公約保障的居住權；小長屋座落的位置標記萬新鐵路終站的文資意義...等等。如今，雖然由碧珍姐提起水利會賣地處分無效的訴訟，正由台北最高行政法院審理；但建商在2012年提起的訴訟，在4月27日履勘後，目前仍在執行程序中，碧珍姐仍正面臨拆屋威脅，恐將面臨無情的迫遷。
Further Reading 延伸閱讀
Liugongjunl eviction case - the court protects right to house under the pandemic
瑠公圳迫遷案：疫情嚴峻，法院刀下留人保障居住權 ： https://www.tahr.org.tw/news/3166
▍Take Emphasis on Human Trafficking- regardless of nationality
▍正視人口販運，不分國籍差異
This year, Taiwan has seen a number of cases of human trafficking by scam syndicates. In recent years, Cambodia and Myanmar's Westport SAR and KK Park have become hotbeds for Chinese scam syndicates. They spread false advertisements on the Internet, using "high-paying jobs" and "guaranteed profits" as bait to lure people who urgently need money to work there. Upon arrival, scam syndicates confiscated passports, detained and abused the victims, and forced them to engage in online fraud. The police estimate that more than 1,000 people have been trafficked into Cambodia and Myanmar since last year.
今年台灣爆出多起詐騙集團人口販運案。柬埔寨和緬甸的西港特區、KK園區等近年成為中國詐騙集團的溫床，他們在網絡散布不實廣告，以「高薪工作職缺」、「保證獲利」等為誘餌，誘騙急需用錢的民眾到當地打工，到埗後隨即沒收護照、禁錮及施虐，強迫受害人從事網路詐欺。警方估計由去年至今已有過千國人被販運到柬、緬。
In Taiwan, there were also a number of human trafficking cases similar to the Cambodian or Burmese scam, the most sensational of which was a fraud ring led by Hua Wei Chen. He detained and abused 61 job seekers, three of whom were abused to death and dumped.
在台灣本地亦發生多宗人口販運，手法與柬緬詐騙類同，其中最轟動的是以陳樺韋為首的詐騙集團，共拘禁凌虐61名求職者，其中3人遭虐死並棄屍。
In fact, in the past, migrant workers and fishermen in Taiwan have been facing human trafficking and forced labor problems, including being charged huge brokerage fees, withholding important documents, excessively long working hours, poor working conditions, and so on. The U.S. Department of State lists Taiwan as a Tier 1 country in the 2022 Trafficking in Persons Report (TIP report) at a time when both Taiwanese and foreigners are being victimized by human trafficking. We believe that Taiwan should be downgraded, and the government should formulate policies that can solve the problem so that human trafficking will not continue to grow in Taiwan.
其實在過往，台灣的外藉移工與漁工一直面對人口販運及強迫勞動問題，包括被收取巨額仲介費、扣留重要文件、工時過長、工作環境惡劣等等，更不時爆出虐待。在本國人與外國人都淪為人口販運受害人的當下，美國國務院卻繼續在2022年的「人口販運問題報告」（Trafficking in Persons Report, TIP report）中，將台灣列為第一級（Tier 1）的國家，顯然與現實不符。我們認為台灣應該要被降級，政府亦應積極制定可以具體解決問題的政策，勿讓人口販運在台灣繼續滋長。
Further Reading 延伸閱讀
[letter to the editor] Cambodia's Westport is a world of bliss, or a hotbed of human trafficking?
【投書】柬埔寨西港極樂世界，還是人口販運溫床？ ：https://www.tahr.org.tw/news/3250
Local and foreigners are victims of human trafficking - 2022 International Workshop on Prevention of Human Trafficking Off-site Press Conference
本國人外國人皆淪為人口販運被害人 2022防制人口販運國際工作坊場外記者會 ：https://www.tahr.org.tw/news/3232
▍The Taoyuan Aerotropolis Plan is being prosecuted, and land acquisition and environmental assessment defects are under judicial review.
▍航空城都市計畫起訴，土地徵收、環評瑕疵亦在司法審查中。
On October 13, the anti-expropriation residents, together with the Aerotropolis litigation team, filed an urban planning lawsuit with the Taipei High Administrative Court. It is hoped that the court will declare the urban plan invalid due to the serious violation of the law in this case.
10月13日，反徵收居民偕同航空城訴訟律師團，向台北高等行政法院提起都市計畫訴訟，盼法院能基於本案嚴重違法，宣告都市計畫違法無效。
The Aerotropolis Plan will acquire 3,148 hectares of land, of which 2,599 hectares have already been acquired, making it the largest district acquisition in Taiwan. Since the public exhibition of the urban plan in 2013, residents, Taiwan Association for Human Rights, and environmental groups have repeatedly expressed their concerns about errors in the population estimation process of this urban plan during the relevant administrative procedures. The project's population was grossly overestimated, and no consideration was given to the surrounding area's unused land, resulting in a sprawling demand for land that affected more than 30,000 residents. In addition, the urban plan only considers economic development and ignores environmental and human rights issues such as climate change, evictions, and agricultural livelihoods. The serious thing is that Aerotropolis was developed using Zone expropriation as a means of realizing the urban plan. The large-scale over-acquisition of land for non-public construction as a financial tool for the government to balance development needs has long been criticized as being highly likely to be unconstitutional.
航空城都市計畫，將徵收3148公頃土地，現已徵收2599公頃，是台灣規模最大的區段徵收。自2013年都市計畫公展以來，在地居民、台權會及環境團體在相關行政程序中，不斷表達本案都市計畫人口推估過程有誤，嚴重高估計畫人口，亦未考量周遭都市計畫閒置土地，導致需求的土地面積浮濫，影響超過三萬居民。除此之外，都市計畫僅考量經濟發展，忽視氣候變遷、迫遷、農民生計等環境與人權議題。更嚴重的事情是，航空城是以區段徵收作為實現都市計畫的開發手段，大面積超額徵收非公共建設所需土地，作為政府平衡開發所需的財務工具，亦長期被詬病為極可能違憲。
The controversy over the Aerotropolis Plan has not dissipated as the project moves into the implementation phase. In addition to the urban planning lawsuit, local residents have also filed judicial remedies against the defective environmental assessment of the third terminal and land acquisition. These cases are currently being heard by the Administrative Court and we call for everyone’s constant attention.
航空城的爭議並未因計畫走入執行階段而消散，除都市計畫訴訟外，在地居民也針對第三跑道環評瑕疵、土地徵收，提起司法救濟，目前這些案件也都在行政法院審理中，懇請大家持續關注。
Further Reading 延伸閱讀
Aerotropolis Plan Lawsuit: Anti-Eviction Residents File Nullification Lawsuit.
航空城都市計畫起訴：反迫遷居民提起宣告無效訴訟 ：https://www.tahr.org.tw/news/3267
The First Instance of the Aerotropolis Land Acquisition Repeal of Zone Expropriation Petition for Constitutional Interpretation.
航空城土地徵收第一庭 廢除區徵 聲請釋憲 ：https://www.tahr.org.tw/news/3107
【For dummies】What is Aerotropolis? 【懶人包】航空城到底是什麼？ ：https://www.tahr.org.tw/news/2658
▍Victory for Health Insurance Database Right to opt-out - Health Insurance Agency Please Stop Unconstitutional Actions
▍健保資料庫退出權勝利，請健保署停止違憲作為
We have been fighting for years to opt out from the use of health insurance data without consent and finally made significant progress this year. On August 12 of this year, the Constitutional Court ruling (Constitutional Judgment No. 13 of 111) clearly stated that the Personal Data Protection Act is inadequate as a norm to limit people's privacy and information. The current unsupervised, no-opt-out restrictions on people's right to privacy and information are unconstitutional. The law must be amended within three years regarding the off-purpose use of national health insurance data and the right to opt-out.
針對未經同意二次利用健保資料，多年來本會持續爭取退出，終在今年看到曙光。今年8月12日，憲法法庭判決（111年憲判字第13號）明確指出，《個人資料保護法》作為限制人民資訊隱私的規範是不足的，現行毫無監督、不許退出地限制人民資訊隱私權利的做法是違憲的。健保資料目的外利用與退出權規定，須在三年內修法。
In Taiwan, everyone with health insurance has been deprived of data autonomy for a long time. The state has arbitrarily interpreted the Personal Data Protection Act to mandate the creation of a universal health insurance database for research purposes for over 20 years. Such practices seriously infringe on people's information autonomy, and frequent, and large-scale personal data collusion also brings high risks of identification. After the ruling, we expect the National Health Insurance Administration to stop its unconstitutional behaviour and grant the application for opt-out immediately. The legislator should also amend the Personal Data Protection Act to stop allowing public or non-public authorities to easily use the "off-purpose use" provisions that are not clear. TAHR will consistently focus on the following law amendment.
在台灣，每個有健保的人都長期被剝奪資料自主權，國家任意解釋個資法，強制將全民的健保資料建置為資料庫，提供研究利用已超過20年。這種做法嚴重侵害人民資訊自主權，頻繁且大規模的個資串聯亦帶來高識別風險。判決之後，我們期待衛福部健保署停止違憲行為，即刻同意退出權申請。立法者更應修正《個人資料保護法》，不再放任公務或非公務機關輕易利用有欠明確的「目的外利用」條文。本會在後續的修法工作上，也絕不會缺席。
Further Reading 延伸閱讀
Sentencing in Health Insurance Database Case Coming- Ends Forced Universal Personal Data Use.
健保資料庫案宣判在即，終結強迫全民個資利用：https://www.tahr.org.tw/news/3207
Right to opt- out Wins, Personal Data Protection Law Fails Constitutionality - Health Insurance Database Case Declared.
退出權勝利，個資法合憲不及格──健保資料庫案宣判：https://www.tahr.org.tw/news/3230
▍The CEC's practice may be unconstitutional as the diagnosed person loses the right to vote.
▍確診者失投票權，中選會做法疑違憲
As the COVID-19 epidemic approaches its fourth year, human rights violations are still occurring in the name of the epidemic in Taiwan as we face coexistence with the virus. In the 2022 nine-in-one election on November 26, more than 50,000 confirmed voters were unable to go out to vote due to the epidemic policy and were denied the right to vote.
全球新冠肺炎疫情即將步入第四年，在台灣也迎向與疫情共存之際，卻依然發生以疫情之名侵害人權事件。11月26日的2022年九合一選舉，5萬多名確診者因防疫政策無法出門投票，實際上被剝奪了投票權。
Voting is a fundamental human right, and Article 17 of the Constitution states, "The people shall have the right of presenting petitions, lodging complaints, or instituting legal proceedings." The International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, which has the force of domestic law, also clearly states that "every citizen shall have the right and the opportunity, without unreasonable restrictions, to vote at genuine periodic elections." The Central Election Commission's approach is potentially unconstitutional. Moreover, Europe, the United States, Japan and Korea have voting practices in response to the epidemic that can be used for reference. There are also measures that allow confirmed students to participate in college entrance examinations. It is even more puzzling why voting can not be done the same way. In this regard, the TAHR is assisting the diagnosed patients in applying for a constitutional lawsuit.
投票為基本人權，憲法第17條定明「人民有選舉、罷免、創制及複決之權。」，已具有國內法律效力之《公民與政治權利國際公約》亦清楚揭示「凡屬公民，不受無理限制，均應有權利及機會在真正、定期之選舉中投票。」，中選會的做法有違憲疑義。再者，歐美、鄰國日本和韓國都有因應疫情的投票作法可參考；學測、分科測驗亦有規劃配套措施，讓確診學生參與升學考試，更讓人不解為何投票辦不到。為此，本會正協助確診者申請憲法訴訟。
Further Reading 延伸閱讀
Voting rights and epidemic prevention should all be valued. Flexible practices to protect voting rights should be planned - Voting rights are deprived if patients are not allowed to leave their homes on voting day.
投票權與防疫應兼顧 政府應擬彈性做法保障投票權 確診者投票日不能出門就是剝奪投票權：https://www.tahr.org.tw/news/3278
The CEC is administratively lazy and unwilling to take care of both epidemic prevention and voting rights. People who are diagnosed to be deprived of their voting rights can apply for temporary punishment.
中選會行政怠惰不願兼顧防疫與投票權 確診被剝奪投票權人民可申請暫時處分：https://www.tahr.org.tw/news/3283
The CEC disregarded the right to vote of the confirmed patients, which may be unconstitutional. The TAHR assisted the confirmed patients to bring relief to the administrative court.
中選會罔顧確診者投票權，有違憲疑義 台權會協助確診者向行政法院提起救濟：https://www.tahr.org.tw/news/3282
▍Referendum on constitutional amendments to lower voting age to 18 failed- Comprehensive Constitutional Reform Needs No Time
▍18歲公民權未通過，全面憲改刻不容緩
This year's 9-in-1 election held a referendum on the "18-year-old citizenship" constitutional amendment, but unfortunately, it was not passed.
18歲被視為是成年，卻一直沒有選舉權利，今年的九合一選舉就「18歲公民權」修憲案舉行公民複決，可惜未能通過。
In Criminal Law, full responsibility is required from 18; in Civil Law, 18 will be considered an adult from January 1 of next year. And from the age of 18, men also have an obligation to serve in the military. However, the constitutional right of present petitions, lodging complaints, or instituting legal proceedings still remains at the age of 20, which is undoubtedly an inequality of rights and obligations.
在《刑法》上，18歲起必須完全負責；在《民法》上，下年1月1日起18歲將視為成人；而18歲起男性亦有當兵義務。可是在憲法上選舉、罷免、創制、複決之權，卻仍然停留在20歲，無疑是權利與義務上的不平等。
A constitutional amendment requires the legislature to pass the amendment first, followed by a referendum. The number of valid affirmative votes must be more than half the total electors. The Voter turnout of the referendum was 59%, of which about 5.647 million people voted "yes" (53%), and 5.016 million people disagreed (47%), which is still several 4 million votes short of the requirement (about 9.62 million votes).
修憲需要立法院先通過修憲案，再進行公民複決；複決的有效同意票，必須超過選舉人總的一半。本次公民複決投票率為59%，當中約564.7萬人投「同意」（53%），501.6萬人不同意（47%），距離門檻（約962萬票）還差幾400萬票。
The fact proved that the threshold is so high that it makes constitutional amendment a "mission impossible" in Taiwan and severely inhibits the collective right of the people to participate in politics. As members of the Citizens' Coalition for Constitutional Advancement, we have been advocating for comprehensive constitutional reform. One of our top priorities is to lower the threshold for constitutional amendments. We expect that the threshold to be amended to one-fifth of the Members of the Legislative Yuan propose, two-thirds of the members attend, and two-thirds of the member's present resolve. A majority of those with more than one-half of the valid votes will be used in the referendum stage. Other constitutional amendments include:
-
The right to vote and to be elected at age 18.
-
Parliamentary electoral reform.
-
The Human Rights Clause supplement.
-
The National Human Rights Commission.
事實證明，超高門檻讓修憲在台灣幾乎是「不可能的任務」，嚴重抑制國人集體的參政權。本會為公民憲政推動聯盟成員，一直主張全面憲改，其中重中之重是提倡降低修憲門檻至：立法委員五分之一之提議，三分之二之出席，出席委員三分之二之決議；在公民複決階段則採有效投票數超過二分之一同意的簡單多數決。其他修憲訴求包括：十八歲選舉與被選舉權、國會選制改革、人權條款補充與國家人權委員會。
Further Reading 延伸閱讀
Citizens' Coalition for Constitutional Advancement urges four major themes of constitutional reform: Lowering the threshold for constitutional amendments, citizenship at age 18, parliamentary electoral reform, and new human rights provisions | Press Conference
憲動盟促請憲改四大主題： 降低修憲門檻、十八歲公民權、國會選制改革、新增人權條款｜記者會：https://www.tahr.org.tw/news/3067
【The Tenth Constitutional Amendment Committee】Constitutional Moment・Citizenship at 18 years old・Constitutional Amendment Proposal｜Public Hearing
【第十屆立法院修憲委員會】憲法時刻・18歲公民權・修憲建議｜公聽會：https://www.tahr.org.tw/news/3120
Full Article:
