CRC審查會議:報告無國籍兒童及兒童勞動議題

本會秘書長邱伊翎在【兒童權利公約】審查會議代表台權會及人權公約施行監督聯盟報告「無國籍兒童」及「兒童勞動」議題。

11/20 Morning Session
Presented by the Taiwan Association of Human Rights and the Covenants Watch
Good morning, Madame and monsieur, I’m E-Ling Chiu on behalf of Taiwan Association for Human Rights and Covenants Watch. I will briefly report the issue on stateless children and child labour. 

11/20上午場次

台灣人權促進會及人權公約施行監督聯盟報告

早安,各位先生女士,我是邱伊翎,代表台灣人權促進會及人權公約施行監督聯盟報告。我將報告無國籍兒童及兒童勞動的議題。

Stateless children

無國籍兒童
1. The children I’d like to bring to your attention are those whose mother is an identified undocumented foreigner yet whose whereabouts are unknown. In this case, the Taiwanese government considers them nationals of the mothers’ country of origin and will not grant them the Taiwanese citizenship as a result. However, since these children are not registered in the “home countries” and thus become de facto “stateless” children in Taiwan. No official statistics of stateless children are available in Taiwan. 

1.我想提醒各位委員關注的是那些媽媽是無證移工且媽媽行蹤不明的小孩。台灣政府將這些小孩視為外國人,而不給予他們我國國籍。然而這些小孩也沒有被登記為其母國的國籍身分,導致他們在台灣處於一個事實上「無國籍」的狀態,目前為止,我們看不到任何官方的統計數字,讓我們可以得知到底有多少這樣的小孩。
2. According to the laws, stateless children under 18 enjoy the rights to social welfare services, medical care, education while foreign children have no such rights here in Taiwan. However, there is no clear legal definition of statelessness, and no established procedure for statelessness determination

2.根據法律,十八歲以下的無國籍兒童必須享有社會福利、醫療照顧、教育權等基本權,但是外國人的小孩在台灣,則不享有這些服務。然而,由於法令上沒有明確的對於「無國籍」的定義,也沒有建立任何判定「無國籍狀態」的機制。 
3. We suggest that the Nationality/immigration Act be amended to include clear definition of “stateless people” and an appropriate determination procedure for statelessness. The government should keep track of stateless people and stateless children. The de facto stateless children should enjoy the basic rights enshrined in the CRC and other core human rights treaties. 

3.我們建議國籍法或移民法中,應該清楚定義何謂「無國籍人」,並應該建立審查判定「無國籍狀態」的機制。政府必須持續追蹤這些無國籍人即無國籍小孩的個案。事實上為「無國籍狀態」的兒童,應該享有【兒童權利公約】及其他核心公約所保障的所有基本權利。

Child labour

兒童勞動
4. The second issue is on child labour. Many Taiwanese children under 16 are working; some within family business, but many are informally and illegally employed by ordinary businesses. For examples, it’s not rare to spot children and teenagers working in construction sites, markets, restaurants. A few months ago, there was a case about a dozen young Vietnamese children were found working on a farm without going to school in the middle part of Taiwan. It’s not clear how they got to Taiwan in the first place.

4.第二個議題是有關兒童勞動,許多台灣16歲以下的兒童都有在工作。有些是在家族的企業,也有些是非法、非正式在一般的行業。例如,我們並不難見到兒童或青少年在工地、市場、餐廳工作。幾個月前,有一個個案是一群越南兒少被發現在台灣中部的農場工作,而沒有去上學。而我們並不清楚他們一開始為什麼會來到台灣。 
5. We recommend that: 
(1) We urge the CRC Committee to request information from the government and make inquiries about the Vietnamese children case.
(2) The government should investigate the problem of child labor under 16 years of age. 
(3) The government should close the gap of tuition subsidies between public and private schools to ease the economic burdens of the less-advantaged families and children who usually go to private schools.

5. 我們建議:

(1) 我們呼籲兒童權利公約委員會向台灣政府要求有關越南兒少這個兒少個案的資訊。

(2)台灣政府必須調查16歲以下的兒童勞動現況。

(3)政府必須減少公立學校與私立學校之間的學費補助落差,以減少那些總是去上私立學校的經濟弱勢家庭的經濟負擔。

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中華民國(臺灣)兒童權利公約首次國家報告國際 審查會議結論性意見

2017年11月24日

禁止歧視(第2條)

27. 委員會表達讚賞並注意到,政府已有預防和保護弱勢兒童,如原住民兒少,LGBT兒少,身障兒少和無國籍兒少,不受歧視的相關法律規定。然而,委員會擔憂,缺乏執行這些政策和方案是否有效之資訊,以及如何解決執行《性別平等教育法》之阻力。

取得國籍權(第7條第1項)

33. 委員會樂見政府作出努力,讓更多未被收養的無國籍兒童取得中華民國(臺灣)國籍。委員會關注到在特定報告中,提及生父不詳且外籍生母已返回原屬國之兒童的權利及身分問題,並建議政府採取適當措施確保這些兒童不會淪為無國籍或無法取得與臺灣兒童相同的服務及福利。

89. 委員會注意到有報導指出,時常有兒少在長工時的條件下工作,而這可能對兒少的健康與發展造成危害。委員會建議政府: (1) 調查遭受勞動剝削的兒少人數,並依據工作性質、年齡、性 別、是否具原住民身分及城鄉背景分類統計; (2) 採取適當措施以保護這些兒少的權利。